Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS)
There are five common oxygen/nitrogen metabolites in biologic systems: superoxide anion (O2-), peroxyl radical (ROO) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (HO), singlet oxygen (1O2) and peroxyl nitrile (OON-).
Shelf-life The period of time during which a dietary supplement remains sufficiently potent to be effective. The expiration date on a product label should indicate the end of this time period.
Total Antioxidant Capacity
Antioxidant activity against various reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, including hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activity.
Vitamin E
Vitamin E is the name given to a group of eight fat-soluble compounds: alpha, beta, delta, and gamma-tocopherol, and alpha, beta, delta, and gamma-tocotrienol. The most abundant form of vitamin E is -tocopherol, and this is the only form that is active in humans. However, research suggests that the mixed forms found in food may be more beneficial than the isolated -tocopherol form that is used in some supplements.
Water soluble (hydrophilic) antioxidant
The major endogenous water-soluble antioxidant are glutathione (GSH) and vitamin C, which reside primarily in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Many water-soluble enzymes also catalyze these reactions. Glutathione peroxidase catalyzes the reaction between GSH and hydrogen peroxide to form water and oxidized glutathione, which is stable. The major exogenous water soluble antioxidant are flavonoids, which are existing in fruits and vegetables.
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Brunswick Laboratories
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